From the tenth century to the 13th, Spanish Jews belonged to a vibrant and relatively tolerant Arabic-speaking society that had a marked effect on Jewish life, ... » 

From the tenth century to the 13th, Spanish Jews belonged to a vibrant and relatively tolerant Arabic-speaking society that had a marked effect on Jewish life, thought, artistic tastes, and literary expression. The Hebrew poems here, with English translations and explanatory essays, exemplify this. «